Prevention of Elder Abuse-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Literature Review on Prevention of Elder Abuse. Answer: Introduction The literature review tends to examine the contemporary literature based on the prevention of elder abuse in the present days and the implications of various policies and programs that would lead to prevent elderly abuse. Furthermore, this literature review would also focus on the potential areas for the prospects of future research. Elder abuse can be defined as, repeated act or lack of appropriate action, occurs within any relationship that causes harm and pain to elderly people. In the present days, elder abuse has become one of the severe abuse and the elderly people are mainly vulnerable of getting exploited in various ways (Pilleme et al., 2016). This particular type of abuse problem, mainly stemmed from different issues that include societal, financial, psychological and more. According to the report from the American Psychological Association, near about 2 million elders are victims of financial and physical abuse. Therefore, the UN General Assembly, observed 15th June as the World Elder Abuse Awareness Day, in order to aware people about elderly abuse, and to bring in close attention of various communities in protecting and safeguarding the elder people from mistreatment (Spike Unit, 2015). Apart from this, various risk factors are also included with the prevention of the elder abuse that includes risk at the individual level, community level and socio-cultural level. Therefore, in order to prevent elder abuse, measures should be taken to reduce the rates of abuse among the elderly people. Various steps include such as avoiding of isolating elders by shifting them to old age home, encouraging elder people in taking part in various activities and more. However, in the year 2016, the World Health Organization introduced global strategy and an action plan that would provide guidance in different countries for the prevention of elder abuse (Harries et al., 20016). Methodology In finding the peer reviewed online journals database, Google scholar and the Wiley Online Library were used. With the help of the Google scholar, the following terms were searched in order to search the peer reviewed journals. The search item includes elder abuse, prevention of elder abuse, types of abuse, policies and programmes and more. Prior to this, the earlier literature reviews were also identified through this measure and were read in order to analyse the particular literature review. However, in order to analyse the database, policies and programs related to the prevention of elder abuse were also searched and introduced. For example, in order to prevent elder abuse in Australia, Elder Abuse Community Service was introduced to protect the elders. The articles that were selected for the literature review are mainly based on surveys, for instance the peer reviewed article, Elder Abuse: Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies the findings of this article is b ased on online survey, that helped to identify the risk factor and the global situation in related to the elder abuse (Pillemer et al., 2016). The articles that were mainly chosen mainly focussed on the elder abuse and measures for preventing and excluded other such articles that do not focus on the topic. Prior to that, the methods applied in the peer reviewed journal include both qualitative and quantitative method. Apart from this, comparatively the contemporary articles were the main target for the particular topic, and the search was mainly confined to the research studies. The target of results were again refined and accordingly many articles were excluded that did not confined to the topic of the literature review that include, types of abuse, abuse in health sector, focused on single abuse issue and more (Burnes et al., 2015). Prior to that, all the targeted journal articles were selected from 2014 and above, and focused mainly on the important topic of the literature review. However, it should be noted that the methodology was mainly resulted by analyzing the literature that dealt with the prevention of elder abuse in different countries and policies and programs to reduce such abuse, thus makes it difficult in articulate major findings. Findings and Discussions The major aspects of each of the articles are mainly summarised in Table 1 The selected peer reviewed journal articles that were chosen for the prevention of the elder abuse were mainly focussed on the main concept of the topic, and one of the article focussed on analysing the risk factor in Asia. Prior to that, in one of the journal articles, theories were implemented, that would help to understand the main concept of the article, appropriately (Dong, 2015). From the above articles of elder abuse it has been found that in the present days, elder mistreatment has been widely recognized as in International issue, and the problem is continuously increasing in the present days. Therefore, to reduce the elder abuse problems, immediate actions are required and beside that policies and rules are also being implemented. From the study of elder abuse in Asia, it focussed on how cultures influenced elderly abuse in different Asian countries such as the cross sectional nature, informant issues and more (Mosqueda et al., 2016). This particular journal article analysed their results and findings through qualitative and quantitative research survey. The studies are mainly focussed on different research methods that include qualitative, quantitative and the survey methods, and it has also mentioned the time consuming method of the particular research methods. From the journal articles, it had been analysed that the sample population for the sample selected are larger in number that comprised of 5777 sample of elder people in the research method. One of the studies interviewed individuals from different countries in Asia and accordingly, the sample size selected were larger in size (Yan et al., 2015). The studies were mainly focussed on interviewing people from different communities. Furthermore, the entire five peer reviewed journals though focussed in the main topic, but they slightly differ from one another in terms of research methods and also in context and selecting sample size. It is important to note that articles are focussed on the central theme of the literature review that is prevention of the elder abuse in global con text, reasons of abuse and steps required to reduce such abuses, for example, creating awareness among people regarding elder abuse, reason of abuse such as mental abuse, abuse related to financial crisis, psychological abuse and more (Wang et al., 2015). However, in those peer reviewed journals, common themes were also been identified among the researchers such as, all the researchers focussed on addressing the barriers related to the elder abuse and its prevention. Table 1: Prevention of Elder Abuse Literature Review Summary Author/s Date Aim Research Design (Including Theoretical Framework) Methodology- Sample, measures Key Findings Conclusions/ Recommendations Mosquedaet al., (2016) To examine the intervention for elder mistreatment through Pragmatic Approach mainly in professional fields with the help of AIM approach. Research design includes case studies from previous research journals and articles. No Theoretical framework was incorporated. Research based on secondary research methods and the results and findings are based on previous case studies and scenarios. The main key findings are with the implication of AIM (Abuse Intervention Method), elder abuse could be reduced in the professional fields such as it could be reduced for social workers. Identified the process to reduce elder mistreatment through intervention and assessment of the AIM method, (Abuse Intervention Method). Pillemer et al., (2016) The main aim is to analyze the mistreatment of elder as global issues, with a major focus on prevention of such abuse. Research design based on different case studies and program descriptions. No theoretical framework was stated in the research procedure. Research was based on qualitative research method and was completed through online surveys. Results were also analysed through four major databases that include PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Social Work. The main findings are that in order to reduce elder abuse, legal and legislative approaches implemented by high income countries, but there are no such measures in developing countries. In order to prevent elder abuse, promising strategies and intervention are developed such as MDTs. It has recommended that the main aim to develop effective prevention of elder abuse through improved scientific knowledge. Dong, (2015) To examine that elder abuse is a serious global issue that leads to human rights problem across different strata. The study is completed through cross-sectional and through various case studies and case reports. No theoretical framework was incorporated. Research methods used in this study includes both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative study includes community based intervention through online survey. The major key finding is that, to reduce mistreatment of elder Adult Protective Service Program (APS) been implemented in many countries. In order to define the issue in an appropriate way, National Longitudinal research method is required. Routine screening of elder abuse should be practice in health clinics. Wang et al., (2015) To explore and to identify various approaches to elder abuse, and intervention based on the approach. Cross- sectional study and also includes case studies. Prior to that incorporation of systematic review in order to analyse positive findings and no Theoretical framework was incorporated in the research design. Cross- sectional survey that includes- 412 adults in China, 5777 older adults in US, 2039 elder people in the rural China and 677 in Spain. The finding of the research analysed that there has been a major concern regarding elder abuse among the vulnerable population. It has been concluded that risk factors have been identified in elder abuse that include ethnicity, behaviour problems, low income and more. Yan, Chan Tiwari, (2014) To explore and to inform the readers regarding the prevalence of risk factors regarding elder abuse in Asia. Research design mainly based on the case scenarios that focus on the elder abuse in Asian countries. Theoretical framework was not stated. Quantitative and qualitative both types of research were applied. (N= 45 old Koreans people). Qualitative through questionnaire. In the key findings of the study, it stated that the main reason of the cause of elder abuse is mainly from physical assault, as it observed depressive symptoms among the elderly people. It has been concluded that elder Asians do not want to report their abuse to people other than their family members. Social isolation has been considered as an important risk factor among the elder people in the Asian countries. It has been recommended that with the implication of culturally sensitive instruments, elder abuse could be reduced. Review Findings: Elder Abuse and Risk Factor in Global Context As per the United States National Academy of Sciences, elder abuse can be defined intentional action that tends to cause pain and harms to elders by another person such as family members, caregivers or in clinical sector. Different types of abuses have been identified by the researchers that include physical abuse, emotional abuse and financial abuse. In physical abuse among elders, it could be identified through Conflict Tactic Scale version (CTS). As per the report, Nigeria results in highest number of elder abuse that consists of 14.6% (Sooryanarayana et al., 2015). In case of financial abuse, Nigeria and Israel resulted in the highest number of financial abuse across the world (13.1% and 6.4%), whereas, Mexico consist of lowest number of financial abuse (2.6%). Emotional abuse could also be measured through CTS intervention method, and studies showed that the rate of emotional abuse varies from 0.7% to 27.3% (Friedman et al., 2017). Abuse of Elders in Minority Populations It has been noted from the peer reviewed journals that the occurrence of the elder abuse is higher among the ethnic minority groups than the white communities. In order to understand the increase in the various diverse aging populations, there should be certain measures that would help in understanding elder abuse among the minority population (Barboza, 2016). As per the Community Based Participatory Research (CBPS), this method has been implemented to analyse the number of elder abuse among those communities. Risk factors for Elder Abuse As per the report from the research study, it has been stated that thirteen risk factors have been identified related to elder abuse in different communities. Various risk factors related to older people include Behaviour Problems, Cognitive Impairments among elder people, Psychological risk factor, Trauma, Ethnicity risk factor and more (Namboodri et al., 2018). Prevalence of the Elder Abuse in the Asian Countries As per the report, in Asia elder abuse ranges from 0.22% to 62% among all the Asian countries. It has been noted that the major types of elder abuse prevails in the Asian countries consist of psychological abuse and neglect that mainly results from their family members or caregivers. However, in the clinical setting the major types of elderly abuse could be observed are physical and the financial violence. Through the research report it has been stated that a sample of 355 elder people were surveyed and the results stated that majority elder people in Hong Kong are victims of the verbal abuse that consist of the 20.8%. Another study from Chinese community indicates that among 276 elder people 27.5% of the individuals are the victims of the behavioural abuse (Alon Berg-Warman, 2014). It has been stated that verbal abuse consists of the most common type of verbal abuse. In Singapore, among the elder people abuse, forty-two cases reported in physical abuse and from the financial mistre atment. In Japan, 17.9% of the elder people reported abuse that resulted from psychological and the financial abuse. It has also been reported that 34.9% of the Japanese elder people reported that the elder people are mainly involved in harmful behaviour in the past years. The common types of mistreatment of elders include ignoring and verbal aggression. Characteristics of the Elder Abuse in Asia The characteristics of the victims are selected as per their demographic, social characteristics and the psychological characteristics. Age: In terms of age, it has been reported in the study that majority of the elder abuse mainly results from the young adults among the family members, based on different communities. As per the report, 68% elder suffered from abuse mainly belongs from minority groups or from low income families (Lachs Pillemer, 2015). Gender: In case of gender, it has been reported that females are victims of abuse more than the males. As per the given report, 30% of the male results from abuse, whereas 60% of the female are the victims of elder abuse (Wang et al., 2015). Educational Level: As per the research study, lower educational people are result from elder abuse and neglect than the educated elderly people. Conclusion From the above report, it could be concluded that in the recent days, the number of elder abuse is increasing at an alarming rate, and as per the report, it has been stated that individuals are the victims of the elder abuse mainly from the minority communities. Moreover, all the studies in this field are mainly based on qualitative research method, as this research method mainly dealt with in depth study of the prevention of elder abuse. Future scope of research in this study includes implications of various method and strategies that would help in preventing elder abuse in the near future. However, in understanding the research in an appropriate way, further research is required to analyze the risk factor and also to determine the screening method. The literature review helped in understanding about elder abuse and risk factor and strategies and methods to prevent. References Alon, S., Berg-Warman, A. (2014). 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